How to Run a PUWER Pre-Use Inspection Properly
PUWER 1998 requires that work equipment is maintained in an efficient state and, where safety depends on installation conditions, inspected at suitable intervals. For mobile plant, that means a genuine pre-use check every shift — not a signature on a checklist that nobody actually reads.
On-page checklist
- Machine-specific checklist selected for the plant type
- Visual walkaround completed before start-up
- Function checks completed with engine running
- Restraint systems and visibility aids checked
- Every check recorded, including 'no defects found'
- Clear defect-reporting and stand-down process in place
- Records kept accessible for client/HSE audit
The step-by-step process
1. Use a machine-specific checklist
A generic 'plant check' sheet misses machine-specific items. Forklifts, telehandlers, MEWPs and dumpers each have different critical checks (mast chains, boom pins, guardrails, tipping mechanism) — use a checklist matched to the actual machine.
2. Walk around before starting the engine
Check tyres/tracks, visible structural damage, fluid leaks, attachment security and general condition before the machine is even switched on.
3. Check function-critical items with the engine running
Brakes, steering, horn, lights, reversing alarm, safety-critical warning systems and any interlocks should all be functionally tested, not just visually inspected.
4. Check operator restraint and visibility aids
Seatbelts, mirrors, cameras and any fitted proximity or collision-avoidance systems need to be present and working — these are frequently the items missed on a rushed check.
5. Record every check, including 'no defects found'
A record with no entries looks identical to a check that never happened. Recording a genuine 'no defects' result is as important evidentially as recording a fault.
6. Have a clear defect-reporting and stand-down process
Operators need to know exactly who to tell and what to do the moment a defect is found — including physically taking the machine out of use, not just noting it for later.
7. Keep records accessible for audit
Whether on paper or a digital system, pre-use records should be retrievable quickly for a client or HSE inspection, ideally showing a consistent pattern over weeks, not just the current day.
Common failure points
- Generic checklists signed without machine-specific items being checked
- Pre-use checks completed from memory at the end of a shift rather than before use
- Defects noted on the sheet but the machine kept in operation anyway
- No accessible record trail for an auditor or HSE inspector to review
What good looks like
- A different, machine-specific checklist used for each plant category
- Genuine functional checks carried out with the engine running, not just a walkaround
- 'No defects found' recorded as clearly as any fault would be
- Defective machines physically isolated from use immediately, with the isolation logged
FAQs
Is a pre-use inspection a legal requirement or good practice?
PUWER 1998 requires work equipment to be maintained in an efficient state and inspected where safety depends on it — a daily pre-use check is the accepted way most sites demonstrate that duty for mobile plant.
How is a PUWER pre-use check different from a LOLER thorough examination?
The pre-use check is a daily, operator-level function and condition check. A LOLER thorough examination is a periodic, more detailed inspection carried out by a competent examiner — see our LOLER thorough examination guide for the difference in full.
Who is responsible for carrying out the pre-use check?
Normally the operator who will be using the machine that shift, since they're best placed to spot a change in condition — but the employer remains responsible for ensuring checks actually happen and are recorded.
What should happen if a defect is found mid-shift?
The machine should be taken out of use immediately, the defect reported through the site's system, and it shouldn't return to service until a competent person has assessed and, if needed, repaired it.
Need help getting this right on your site?
Call Chris directly or request a quote — most bookings across Aberdeenshire mobilise inside a week.